Oil burning apparatus



Patented Sept. 10, 1940 v I v v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE on. BURNING APPARATUS JameaT. Grotenhuis, Orange City, Iowa, assign- 6r to Silent Sioux oirnumer Corporation, oiange City, Iowa, a corporation of Iowa Application April 15, 193s, Serial No. 202,199 1Qlaim. ileum-91) My invention relates to a combustion appa'rl3. Attached at the bottom of the shell I is the atus of an oil burner. flanged member l4 having the annular flange An object of my invention is to provide an oiL, l5 which is attached to the supporting legs burning unit in which the gases will move at it. The member is dished into the further I a uniform rate from the time of mixing the member l'l which includes the annular flange. 5

same until the combustion is completed. v H! which is received within a further cylindrical A .turther object of my invention is topromember I9. I vide asmaller chamber to which oil is first fed Attached by. means of suitable bolts and nuts to allow the evaporation thereof with only 20 to the member I! is the plate 2| which inenough air being admitted to assist the evaporaeludes the opening 22. Attached at 23 to them tion "and to accelerate the rate at which the plate 2| is the further plate 24 which includes vapor leaves the oil on the bottom of such the small legs 25 which are attached by the chamber. x Y I screws 23 andwhich legs serve to separatethe A further bject of my invention is to provide member 24 from the plate 2|. The purpose of a series of vertically arranged chambers of inthe plate 24 is. to provide a guard against the creasing cross-sectional areas above the lower heat from the burner passing downwardly to the chamber and means for admitting air into said floor surface. I upper ehambers. I Spaced from'the plate 2| and the opening A further object of my inventionis to create '22 is the hollow cylindrical ch r 6 v n and hold conditions in the smaller chamber from the bottom 21 and communicating with the m the minimum to the maximum capacity of the chamber 25 is the oil pipe 28 which passes entire heating unit. I I through the members l9 and the shell I0 to a A further object of my invention is to prosuitable constant level device 29 which in turn I vide an oil burning unit having a wide range communicates to the oil supply. The member in capacity and which produces a clean, eco- 26 includes the upwardly extending annular. 25 nomical, easily controlled and safe combustion flange 30 into which is welded or otherwise atthroughout its entire range. tached the further cylindrical member 3| which A further object of my inve tion isto pr includes the inwardly positioned annular bead vide such an apparatus which cludes an easily 32, the bottom of which bead 32 included a removable oil vaporizing unit which is thus series of spaced openings-33. A further series 30 easily accessible for cleaning. of openings 34 are. spaced vertically from the A further object of my invention is to provide .openings 33 and are provided in annular formaa gradual increasing supply of air to the unit tion about the member 3|. as the gas travels upwardly so that the com- An annular member 35 which extends into the 35 bustion ismore perfectly attained. portion 36 is arranged to rest upon the upper 35 A further object of my invention is to prevent periphery of the cylindrical member 3| and re- ,an excess of explosive conditions by admitting ceived throughthe member 35 are a series of additional airto provide further oxidation to lengthened bolts 31 which are suitably bent to prevent the danger of such explosions. prevent striking against the inner cylinder and 4 With these and other objects in view, my -which bolts 31 pass through spacers 38 and are invention consists in the construction, arrangesecured'at the bottom of the plate 2| by' means I mentand combination 'of the various parts of of the nuts 39. Inside of the portions 36 is the my-- device, whereby the objects contemplated circular opening 36a which-provides communiare attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, cation between the chambers and 54. I pointed out in my claim, and-illustrated in the These bolts are secured against the member accompanying drawing, in which: 35 by means of the further nuts so that Flgurel is a sectional view takenalong the as a result, the entire lower unit is securely uprightfor longitudinal axis of the burning apbraced. Peripherally attached at 4| to the memparatus, and ber 35 is the further member 42 which is of 5 ;1 'lgure2 is a sectional view taken along the substantially greater diameter than the member 50 lines -2--2 of Figurel. 3|. The member 42- includes a series of ver- 1 have used the character "to designate the tic allyispaced openings 43, 44, 45, and 46. The outer shell of my burner which includes the. top openings 46 are;the largest, the openings 44 I member II and asuitabledoor I2. The cylinand 45-are of smagix'flgiameter than 12118 open- 5 drloalshell l0 communicates with the fluepipe lugs 46 andthe o gs 43 are the same or slightly smaller than theopenings 44 and 45. The openings 33 are slightly smaller than the openings 34. a

Attached at the upper portions of the members l9 and 42 is the plate 41 which includes the annular flanges 48 and 49 for such attachment and which plate 4! includes a restricted opening 50. A series of openings 5| are formed in the member l9 which openings communicate to the space between the member l9 and the member H1. The upper plate 41 extends beyond the member 9 at the points 52.

Now that the general structure of my device has been explained, I shall explaintheoperation and advantages thereof.

The air for combustion enters through the opening 22 in the plate 2| and about the legs 25 of the further guard plate 24. This air en- .ters. into the chamber formed between the walls 3|, 42, and the member l9 and from this chamber the air enters into the chambers 26,

mixing process and results in faster initial generation of the burner through such downward diversion since the air is supplied more rapidly 'at the point necessary. When the burner is operating at a minimum low fire combustion occurs substantially about the level of'the member 36, The burner will operate satisfactorily at a low inlet of fuel so that the fire is held at the jets from the row of perforates 34, but it is preferred to limit the same to a point slightly above this. "This point is just at or above the member 36 as explained where the tops of jets from the perforates 34 practically meet the jets 43. It should be noted that the row of perforates 43 is slightly above the top of the member 36 so that the combustion will take place at a lower fire. As the oil flow is increased into the cham-{ ber 26, the point of combustion moves correspondingly upward in the chamber 54 until at maximum high fire combustion begins at the jets from the upper row of perforates 46and is completed in the chamber 53 above the plate 41.

The air from the chamber 56 between the walls I9 and the shell III which is drawn through the openings 5| furnishes the necessary additional air for complete combustion at this stage. 'In again considering the chambers 26,55 and 54, it will be seen that oil entering the lower chamber 26 evaporates and is mixed with the primary air which is admitted through the openings 33 and 34. The oil control is so constructed and ad* justed Qaat if oil is admitted at' all, enough of-th same enters to supply a sufficient amount of oil ber 55. Ignition takes place where the mixture place at a point above of air and oil vapor from the first chamber comes in contact with air at the base of the second chamber 54.' If additional oil isfed into the.

first chamber 26, (-which is merely acontinuation of the chamber 55) the base of the flame rises into the second chamber 54. Further air passes through the perforates 43, 44, 45, and 46 in the side walls 42 of chamber -54. This air is .ad-

mitted in such locations, amounts, and temperature as to give a transparent or clean flame at all stages. As the primary air rises to the top of the first chamber.55 it passes through the opening 360'. which slightly restricts the movement of air and therefore momentarily increases its velocity.

On entering the second chamber 54, additional air enters, and this fact, together withexpansion of the mixture due to heating, increases its vol- Since the second chamber 54 is larger in ume. diameter, the velocity of thergases will remain substantially the same as it was in the chamber 55. As the gases pass through the opening 5|) at the top of the chamber 54, which opening is of smaller diameter, the gases again increase in velocity momentarily andupon entering into the third chamber 53 the gases will slow down to the constant velocity dueto the larger diameter.

In other. words, there are three expanding I chambers, 55, 54, and 53 and in the lower chamber 55 all of the evaporation will take placewithinitial'or complete mixing and combustion on the low fire. In the middle or next chamber 54, there will be complete combustion or mixing and combustion. The third chamber 53 which also acts as a radiator of heat will complete the mixing process and will complete the combustion. The size of the openings and the construction of the different diameter chambers also provides an arrangement in which the flooding of the burner can not cause smoking regardless of the draft available. The other advantages of a three diameter or more combustion chambers are that it results in more uniform gas velocity. As a result-, a smoother action is obtained and more completecombustion without the necessity,

of high burner velocity which produces objectionable noises.

Further advantages are a lower minimum firewhich corresponds to that of a conventional burner of thediameter of the lower burner chamber 55. A further advantage is that a maximum- The extinguishment of the flame due to exces-,

sive oil, poor draft, irregular draft, high draft or a combination of any of the above is prevented by limiting the size of the vaporizing bowl 26 so that it is impossible to vaporize suflicient oil to exceedthe capacity of the combustion apparatus.

which in itself prevents the presence of large amounts of unburned combustible vapors. This effect is also obtained through the use. of the larger top row of holes .46 in the upper chamber 54 so that combustion will always begin in the chamber ,54- and at apoint below the plate 41,

' The efiect is further obtained by admitting air Other advantages will be apparent in my construction from the above description.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts of my invention without departing from the real spirit and purpose 01- my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claim and modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents, which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my'invention:

An oil burning apparatus comprising a lower combustion chamber, means for admitting fuel to the lower chamber, a further chamber positioned above said lower chamber having a diam-' eter substantially greater than said lowcrchamber, said chambers having a plurality oi! openings arranged peripherally therein for admitting air to said chambers, a third chamber positioned above said aforementioned chambers; the lower chambers having restricted openings at the top portions thereof.

JAMES T. Gm a I: l 

